Among the countless peaks of the Alps mountains Mitenev - at Firvaldshtetskogo lakes are among the attractions that are well-known guidebook Baedeker marked with an asterisk (ie, visiting them is particularly recommended), although they are the lowest-elevation of less than 2000 m. The origin - the names of the mountains to explain difficult, and some researchers believe that it is associated with the word "myth." There is no doubt one thing: now - more than a hundred years, these mountains masculine Mitenev-Large, Small Mitenev (or Miethe). To make sure their extraordinary beauty, just look at the both steep proud tops of Schwyz, the center of the canton of the same name or, better still, from a greater distance, say from Zelisberga on the west coast Firvaldshtetskogo - Lake. But no matter how interesting and instructive, nor was the examination of the distance, more impressive than a cursory glance from the window, dropped car, of course, will be a three-hour walk from Schwyz to the top. Prior to the mountain hotel "Holtsegg" can be reached by cable car and, hence begins a winding steep trail on Mitenev ("For the usual tourist path is easy," says Boedeker). Still in the Game A. 1865 in one of his works mentioned magnificent panorama that opens from the top. In the age of 73, he published another detailed geological description of the "powerful array Mitenev perfectly preserved to our time." You go down the road, and suddenly the smooth contours of the green hills with meadows, fruit trees and houses grow rocky bastions of vertices. layers of marl, which compose the hilly terrain, has long been identified as marine deposits of early Tertiary period, and were called flysch. Since the Swiss called monotony punctuated by a section of clay and marl layers. the special problems of these mountains, "opened" a school teacher from Lucerne, to the same great geologist, F. Kaufman, nearly 100 years ago. The journal Swiss Alpine Club, he has published in 1875/76, the message that struck the entire scientific world: the discovery of 5 new Jurassic fossils in the limestone mountains Mitenev. Surprisingly it was because the limestone composing the top of the mountain, lie seemed perfectly normal parameters flysch, and hence to the early Tertiary period shall be from the younger rather than older leaves. Incidentally, apart from the Jurassic deposits here have been found even more ancient, Early Triassic strata (with the remains of plants), and the Jurassic rocks at the top Mitenev and on a nearby hill Rotenflyu overlain by reddish limestone strata («couches rouges) Cretaceous time. First, such unusual conditions of occurrence explained by the fact These rocky - mountain of Jurassic and Cretaceous limestones are rocks sticking out of the flysch sequences, and perhaps already in the flysch sea rose in the form of this precipitous islands. assumed that the tunnel, planted at the base of the mountain, will be the same Jurassic strata which make up the top, or more ancient rocks. But at the beginning of our century, alpine geologists working in France and Switzerland, have established profiles. A. Asher ODF der Liptov of Zurich has suggested this before, what is possible and quite different explanation: now no one doubt that the Jurassic (and Cretaceous) limestone mountains Mitenev been thrust upon lies beneath them fliga. In other words, limestones occur, not where they are deposited: it is allochthonous (transferred from another location), rather than autochthonous (remaining at their place of deposits) formations. They form a cover thrust, or, more precisely, the balance sheet, the once much more extensive, and only later dissected by erosion into separate stacks-the-art "rocks" (remnants of tectonic cover, sometimes also called the German word "klishga"). It is now clear that tunnel, passed in the array Mitenev everywhere revealed to flysch. Unfortunately, the powerful scree at the foot of the mountains and "seas of stone" on the slopes do not allow to directly observe the actual contact of the Jurassic limestones and flysch. more favorable conditions for study in neighboring Glarnskih Alps, and from geological point of view of exposure is even more instructive than in the mountains Mitenev, although in the landscape for anything special, they are not present. Schwanden array on the slope overlooking the valley of Loja, in the Permian flysch overlain by red conglomerates Verrukano. On the day of its 80 - anniversary of A . Heym led geological excursion to this classic nudity cover thrust. Lay leadership excursion to the old masters of geology was deserved an evaluation of its activities. Much of the Alps consists of thrust sheets. (Dolomites, which we have already said, are an exception.) Obviously, in some places in the horizontal direction is moved whole mountains-often, of course, a few miles, and some - where, as some geologists, more than 100 km. The scale thrusts (as well as the mechanism of these powerful tectonic movements) caused much controversy, and especially so far time is far from clear. However, found that traffic in most parts of the Alps were sent to the north or north - west. Some researchers believe that the roots of the northern Alps are even further south of crystalline arrays of the central Alps, according to these ideas, Calcareous Bavarian Alps once were south of the Hohe Tauern! similarly the case with the mountains Mitenev. Their "home" should look south - east Glarnskih the Alps, the Rhine valley Front. Anyway, they are allochthonous. If, therefore, they have their bizarre form of peaks stand out in the landscape as alien, this is indeed a direct result of their tectonic history. These parameters are actually a reflection of the most powerful and Alpine mountain building tectonics. On the overview map shows the incomprehensible non-specialist unit of the Alps. it is founded on the tectonic zoning: Show on map Helvetian, Penpinskaya, East - Alpine and other areas are a series of rocks which have undergone the same folding, experienced the same tectonic movements and lying equally to each parameter other. Often these major tectonic units are separated into individual covers. Pokrov padviga forming Mitenev mountains, lies at Helvetian cover, which include high mountain ranges in central and southern parts of the district Firvaldshtetskogo lake. On the shore of Lake Urner - Ze in the southern outcrop magnificent folds of these (mostly Cretaceous) reservoirs, especially when you look clearly distinguished from the board of recreational boats which ply between Flyuelenom and Brunnen. It is clear nadvinuvshiesya that covers could not change the fundamentally correct original bedding.
No comments:
Post a Comment